"The Lakota used every part of the buffalo. They used the skins, which were tanned for clothing, moccasins, and tipi covers. They used the tendons (sinew) from the animals as string for their bows, as well as for thread. The stomach and bladder were used to carry water. The tail was used as a fly swatter; bones were carved for knives, spears, arrowheads, fleshing tools, scrapers, awls, paintbrushes, toys, shovels, splints, and war clubs. The horns were used for cups and spoons, hooves were made into glue, and ribs were used as sled runners. The hair was twisted into rope, and the dried buffalo droppings, called chips, were used as fuel for their fires. In this way, the buffalo was a true relative for the people – making life possible.
Because of the buffalo’s great importance to the people, a buffalo symbol or buffalo skull is present in all sacred Lakota rituals. It stands as a reminder of this great animal which gives completely of itself for others. The buffalo is a symbol of self-sacrifice; it gives until there is nothing left."
The Lodge of Šung'manitu-Išna
Photo: Buffalo next to the Yellowstone River at sunset; Yellowstone National Park, WY; September 1, 2013
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